The Potential Impact of Heat Stress on Production and Reproduction of Dairy Animals: Consequences and Possible Solutions: a Review

Climatic change is the big problem in recent time. Climate changes affect a range of factors associated with production, reproduction, work capacity and adaptability of the animals. Global climate change is expected to alter temperature, precipitation, atmospheric carbon dioxide Animal husbandry sector depends upon the climatic conditions where it mainly affected by the temperature and humidity. Environmental stress reduces the productivity and health of livestock resulting in significant economic losses. Climate changes, could impact the economic viability of livestock production systems worldwide. Heat stress affects animals performance and productivity of dairy animals in all phases of production. Heat stress has a direct effect on oestrus behavior in dairy animals. They display the most remarkable sexual activities in morning and midnight but the lowest activity was reported at noon time during high ambient temperature. The outcomes include decreased growth, reduced reproduction, increased susceptibility to diseases, and ultimately delayed initiation of lactation. Productive and reproductive success in livestock is essential for the economic livelihood of producers. Housing, feeding, management improved cooling system and many other new technologies are available through which climatic impacts on livestock can be reduced.